Further information: Northern Song, 960–1126 [ ] After usurping the throne of the, (r. 960–976) spent sixteen years, reuniting much of the territory that had once belonged to the and empires and ending the upheaval of the. In, he established a strong central government over the empire, he ensured administrative stability by promoting the system of drafting state by skill and merit (instead of or military position) and promoted projects that ensured efficiency in communication throughout the empire. In one such project, created detailed maps of each province and city that were then collected in a large. Emperor Taizu also promoted groundbreaking scientific and technological innovations by supporting such works as the designed and built by the engineer. A polychrome wood-carved statue of, (907–1125) After Fan was forced to step down from his office, (1021–1086) became Chancellor of the imperial court, with the backing of (1067–1085), Wang Anshi severely criticized the educational system and state bureaucracy.
Seeking to resolve what he saw as state corruption and negligence, Wang implemented a series of reforms called the, these involved reform, the establishment of several government, the support of local, and the creation of higher standards for the Imperial examination to make it more practical for men skilled in statecraft to pass. How to install microsoft office 2011 on mac without cd drive. The reforms created political factions in the court.